Aggression in Proximity Relationships: Philosophies

Aggression in Proximity Relationships (APR): Philosophies is the first of three volumes addressing all forms of aggression, violence, and abuse in intimate, proximity relationships including those defined under traditional concepts of DV and IPV.In this volume, there is an evaluation of the foundational theory that informs current service provisions, policy, and program development to address APR. The theory of evolution by means of natural selection is the primary undergirding theoretical framework for current theories and models used to explain aggression. The theory of evolution is the basis of systems theory and aggression models used to frame policies and programs to address APR. However, a closer evaluation of evolutionary theory shows flaws in its fundamental tenets and its philosophical orientation.The fundamental tenets of evolutionary theory, natural selection, fitness, survivability, and aggression, inform current studies in genetics and genetically-programmed predispositional vulnerability that presents as a diathesis to dysfunctional aggression such as APR. Nevertheless, there are flaws in the philosophical orientation that inform these tenets. Further, the philosophical orientation forms the basis of interpretations and analysis of APR rooted in inequity and discrimination.In this book, there is a discussion of the fundamental tenets of evolution, their flaws, and the philosophical orientation that guides the theory. There are discussions of the subtle underpinnings of religious cosmological philosophy that remains intertwined in the theory, and which continues to impinge on current research.In this book, there is an outline and assessment of the diathesis models of predispositional vulnerability pertaining to APR, the biogenetic and the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the transmission of genetically-programmed predispositional vulnerability and susceptibility to violence and aggression.Modern-day evolutionary theory has its roots in antiquity and can be traced back to Greek philosophers such as Plato. However, discrimination and inequity are delicately interwoven into a religious philosophy and presented as the modern-day evolutionary theory. Modern-day evolution theory is the platform for social Darwinism and eugenics. The eugenics program was wheedled into genetic research. Eugenicists developed strategies to nefariously use genetics to further the eugenic calendar. Forced sterilization and prenatal genetic screenings were wrapped inside the eugenics program. Genetic screening to perform feticides among populations with "defective' genes was the grandparent of sex-selective abortion and gendercide; measures that show up in gender-biased aggression against girls and women.In addition to a candid exploration of the dark story behind evolutionary theory, there are reports from scientific research indicating the weaknesses and flaws of the theory. Hitherto, two antithetical camps polarize around Darwinism and Anti-Darwinism. Evolutionary theory is a worldview subtly interwoven and covertly transmitted via different media, including religious institutions and academia. This worldview becomes inculcated into the individual's perspective, often without conscious awareness. Historically, challenges to evolutionary theory are criticized as being due to religious fanaticism. Nevertheless, serious scientific research outside of religious arguments and defense has caused questions to be raised. These concerns should be objectively assessed.Genetic predisposition is a mainstay of evolution theory. Reputable, non-partisan scientists indicated that genome-wide association studies have not yielded conclusive evidence of a link between genes and diathetic predispositional vulnerability. In the search for feasible and viable answers concerning the comparatively high species-to-species murder among humans, there is the need to revisit evolutionary theory because it is the central explanation for APR Read more